![]() ![]() This means that from one byte, four bytes are still outputted.Ī sextet of 61 (111101) is outputted as 9 (00111001). It does not conflict with the base64 symbol of 9 – see below. ![]() ![]() The last symbol is =, whose binary number still consists of 6 bits, which is 111101. ![]() The base64 table, showing correspondences for the index, binary number, and character, is: The Base64 Alphabet So some variants have different symbols for the binary numbers of 62 and 63. The binary number for 62 is for the symbol +, and the binary number for 63 is for the symbol /. The next binary numbers from 52 to 61 are the 10 Arabic digits, in their order still, each symbol, a sextet. The next binary numbers from 26 to 51 are the 26 lowercase letters of the English spoken language, in its order again, each symbol, a sextet. These 26 symbols are the first binary numbers from 0 to 25, where each symbol is a sextet, six bits. In this set, the first 26 symbols are the 26 uppercase letters of the English spoken language, in its order. There is a particular character set of 64 different symbols, called base64. An alphabet of 64 different symbols can be represented with six bits per symbol. This leads us to an alphabet of 64 different symbols. In this situation, 0 is 000, 1 is 001, 2 is 010, 3 is 011, 4 is 100, 5 is 101, 6 is 110 and 7 is 111.Īn alphabet of 16 symbols can be represented with four bits per symbol. Let the alphabet symbols consist of: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. In this situation, 0 is 00, 1 is 01, 2 is 10, and 3 is 11.Īn alphabet of 8 symbols can be represented with three bits per symbol. Let the alphabet symbols consist of: 0, 1, 2, 3. In this case, zero is bit 0, and one is bit 1.Īn alphabet or character set of 4 symbols can be represented with two bits per symbol. Let the alphabet symbols consist of: zero and one. Article ContentĪn alphabet or character set of 2 symbols can be represented with one bit per symbol. In this article, the word “octet” and “byte” are used interchangeably. The second part shows how some C++ features can be used to encode and decode base64. The first part of the article explains base64 encoding and decoding properly. This article explains the encoding and decoding of Base64 with the C++ computer language. Well, encoding into base64 and decoding from it is not as straightforward as just expressed. In other words, a stream of base64 characters is longer than the corresponding stream of ASCII characters. The stream of sextet symbols, converted from a stream of octet (byte) symbols, is longer than the stream of octet symbols by number. This is encoding, and the reverse is decoding. In other words, a stream of ASCII characters can be converted into a stream of sextet symbols. A stream of sextets can be converted into a stream of bytes. Data is received into the computer in bytes of 8 bits each.Ī stream of bytes can be converted into a stream of sextets (6 bits per symbol). Data is sent out of the computer in bytes of 8 bits each. A symbol for the ASCII character set is made up of 8 bits.ĭata in the computer is stored in bytes of 8 bits each. So, some characters of the ASCII character set are not symbols. The ASCII character set consists of 127 characters, some of which are not printable. So, each symbol of the base 64 character set is made up of 6 bits. All these 64 characters are printable characters. Base64 is a character set of 64 characters, where each character consists of 6 bits. ![]()
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